1. Question: What is Drying?
2. Question: What is Enthalpy (kJ)?
3. Question: What is Evaporation (vaporization)?
4. Question: What is Extraction (liquid extraction)?
5. Question: What is Filtration?
6. Question: What is Flash Vaporization?
7. Question: What is Heat?
8. Question: What is Heat Exchanger?
9. Question: What is Internal Energy (U)?
10. Question: What is Flue Gas?
1. Question: What is Drying?
Answer: A process in which a wet solid is heated or contacted with a hot gas stream, causing some or all of the liquid wetting the solid to evaporate. The vapor and the gas it evaporates into emerge as one outlet stream, and the solid and remaining residual liquid emerge as a second outlet stream.
2. Question: What is Enthalpy (kJ)?
Answer: Property of a system defined as H=U+PV, where U=internal energy, P=absolute pressure, and V=volume of the system.
3. Question: What is Evaporation (vaporization)?
Answer: A process in which a pure liquid, liquid mixture, or solvent in a solution is vaporized.
4. Question: What is Extraction (liquid extraction)?
Answer: A process in which a liquid mixture of two species (the solute and the feed carrier) is contacted in a mixer with a third liquid (the solvent) that is immiscible or nearly immiscible with the feed carrier. When the liquids are contacted, solute transfers from the feed carrier to the solvent. The combined mixture is then allowed to settle into two phases that are then separated by gravity in a decanter.
5. Question: What is Filtration?
Answer: A process in which a slurry of solid particles suspended in a liquid passes through a porous medium. Most of the liquid passes through the medium (e.g., a filter) to form the filtrate, and the solids and some entrained liquid are retained on the filter to form the filter cake. Filtration may also be used to separate solids or liquids from gases.
6. Question: What is Flash Vaporization?
Answer: A process in which a liquid feed at a high pressure is suddenly exposed to a lower pressure, causing some vaporization to occur. The vapor product is rich in the more volatile components of the feed and the residual liquid is rich in the less volatile components.
7. Question: What is Heat?
Answer: Energy transferred between a system and its surroundings as a consequence of a temperature difference. Heat always flows from a higher temperature to a lower one.
8. Question: What is Heat Exchanger?
Answer: A process unit through which two fluid streams at different temperatures flow on opposite sides of a metal barrier. Heat is transferred from the stream at the higher temperature through the barrier to the other stream.
9. Question: What is Internal Energy (U)?
Answer: The total energy possessed by the individual molecules in a system (as opposed to the kinetic and potential energies of the system as a whole). U is a strong function of temperature, phase, and molecular structure, and a weak function of pressure (it is independent of pressure for ideal gases). Its absolute value cannot be determined, so it is always expressed relative to a reference state at which it is defined to be zero.
10. Question: What is Flue Gas?
Answer: Flue gas is the gas exiting to the atmosphere via a flue, which is a pipe or channel for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace, oven, furnace, boiler or steam generator.
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